What does genetic engineering primarily involve?

Genetic engineering primarily involves manipulating genes to alter the genetic make-up of an organism. This process includes the direct modification of DNA sequences to introduce, enhance, or delete specific traits or characteristics. By using techniques such as recombinant DNA technology, researchers can isolate and transfer genes from one organism to another, which allows for the expression of desired traits in the recipient organism.

This form of genetic modification can result in various applications, ranging from the development of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in agriculture to advancements in medical research and treatment options. The ability to precisely manipulate genes is what sets genetic engineering apart from other methods of breeding or reproduction.

Other options may involve aspects related to genetics but do not accurately encapsulate what genetic engineering entails. For instance, enhancing physical traits or cloning refers to results or techniques that may not involve the precise gene manipulation central to genetic engineering. Similarly, while creating genetically identical species may be related to cloning, it does not equate to direct genetic modifications at the gene level, which is a key component of genetic engineering.