What is known as the Whitten Effect?

The Whitten Effect refers specifically to the phenomenon in which the introduction of a male to a group of female animals that have not been exposed to males can stimulate the onset of estrus (heat) in those females. This occurs due to pheromonal signaling where the presence of a male influences the reproductive cycle of the females, leading to synchronization of estrous cycles.

Upon the introduction of a male, the females will often begin to exhibit estrus within a short period, facilitating breeding opportunities. This effect is particularly well-documented in rodents such as mice and rats, where the synchronization enhances breeding success and is a vital consideration in laboratory animal husbandry.

The other options discuss various aspects of breeding and reproduction, such as the effects of nutrition and social dynamics within breeding pairs, but they do not accurately define the specific phenomenon known as the Whitten Effect. Understanding this effect is essential for anyone working in laboratory animal care and breeding, as it can significantly influence breeding strategies and colony management.