Which agency is primarily responsible for enforcing the Animal Welfare Act?

The agency primarily responsible for enforcing the Animal Welfare Act is the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA). The USDA is tasked with the regulation and enforcement of standards related to the care, handling, and treatment of animals used in research, exhibition, and as pets. Under the Animal Welfare Act, the USDA establishes guidelines for the humane treatment of animals and conducts inspections of facilities to ensure compliance.

The interaction of the USDA with institutions that utilize animals for research or other purposes is crucial, as it not only helps protect animal welfare but also promotes responsible practices within the scientific and agricultural communities. The USDA’s enforcement activities include conducting inspections and investigations, responding to complaints, and ensuring that establishments adhere to the regulations set forth in the Animal Welfare Act.

While other entities like the FDA, NIH, and NSF play significant roles in animal research and welfare—such as setting safety data standards, funding research, and promoting humane care—the USDA remains the primary enforcer of the Animal Welfare Act itself.