Which of the following best describes gene expression?

Gene expression refers to the process by which the information encoded in a gene is translated into a functional product, typically a protein, which in turn can influence an organism's traits. The correct answer, which states that single genes affect multiple traits, accurately reflects the concept of pleiotropy. Pleiotropy is a common phenomenon in genetics where a single gene can have multiple effects on an organism's phenotype, meaning that one gene can influence various traits rather than being limited to one specific outcome.

This complexity illustrates the interplay between genetics and phenotypic expression, emphasizing that the relationship between genes and traits is not always straightforward and can involve multiple pathways and interactions. Given this understanding, pleiotropy supports the notion that a single gene can indeed affect several traits.

The other options present limited or inaccurate views of gene behavior. The assertion that all traits are determined by single genes ignores the significant involvement of multiple genes in the expression of many traits, a concept known as polygenic inheritance. The claim that only dominant genes affect phenotype overlooks the role of recessive genes, which can also contribute to phenotypic traits when paired with another allele. Lastly, the notion that all genes are expressed equally is not accurate; gene expression levels can vary greatly depending on various factors