Which term describes changes in DNA that can occur naturally or experimentally?

The term that describes changes in DNA, whether they occur naturally through processes like errors in DNA replication or as a result of experimental manipulation is mutations. Mutations can arise from various sources, including environmental factors such as radiation or chemicals, as well as spontaneous errors that happen during DNA replication.

These changes can lead to alterations in the sequence of nucleotides, resulting in different genetic traits or potentially leading to diseases. In the context of laboratory animal techniques and genetic research, understanding mutations is vital, as they can significantly impact the outcome of experiments and the development of genetically modified organisms.

Transcription, on the other hand, refers to the process of copying a segment of DNA into RNA, while translation is the process by which RNA is decoded to produce proteins. Replication is the context of making an exact copy of DNA during cell division. While all these processes are essential for understanding genetics, they do not pertain directly to the changes in the DNA sequence itself that are classified as mutations.